This is a series of articles based on the wonderful report created by the Alzheimer Society of Canada, called the Many Faces of Dementia in Canada (2024). In six parts, we will do a deep dive into the latest findings about dementia, and the impact on our families and communities.
Part 4: Living with Dementia: Day-to-Day Strategies for Caregivers
Caring for a loved one with dementia presents unique challenges and opportunities for connection. As the condition progresses, day-to-day life becomes a delicate balance of managing symptoms, maintaining routines, and fostering dignity.
This article provides actionable insights to help caregivers navigate the daily realities of dementia with compassion and effectiveness.
Understanding the Daily Impact of Dementia
Dementia affects every aspect of daily living, from memory and communication to mood and behaviour. Its progression often manifests in three key areas:
- Cognitive Decline: Memory loss, confusion, and difficulty following instructions.
- Emotional Changes: Anxiety, depression, or sudden mood swings.
- Physical Symptoms: Difficulty with mobility, coordination, or eating.
Recognizing these challenges allows caregivers to plan and adapt their approach to meet their loved one’s evolving needs.
1. Establishing a Routine
The Importance of Consistency
Routine provides structure and predictability, reducing confusion and anxiety for individuals with dementia. Familiarity helps them feel secure and minimizes agitation.
Creating a Daily Schedule
- Morning: Incorporate gentle wake-up routines like natural light and soft music.
- Meals: Serve meals at consistent times and in familiar settings.
- Activities: Alternate physical and cognitive tasks to keep your loved one engaged.
- Evening: Wind down with calming activities like listening to music or reading.
Adjusting as Needed
Flexibility is key. Be prepared to modify the routine based on your loved one’s energy levels and mood.
2. Communication Tips
Dementia affects language and comprehension, making communication a challenge. Use these strategies to foster understanding and connection:
Be Clear and Concise
- Speak slowly and use short sentences.
- Ask simple yes-or-no questions.
- Avoid offering too many choices at once.
Nonverbal Communication
- Maintain eye contact and smile to convey warmth.
- Use gestures or visual aids to supplement your words.
Active Listening
- Be patient and give your loved one time to respond.
- Validate their feelings, even if their words don’t make sense.
Avoiding Triggers
Certain words or tones may cause agitation. Observe your loved one’s reactions and adjust accordingly.
3. Encouraging Independence
Maintaining a sense of autonomy boosts confidence and well-being for individuals with dementia.
Modify Tasks
Break down complex activities into smaller, manageable steps. For example:
- Instead of saying “get dressed,” guide them through each item of clothing.
Provide Assistance Without Taking Over
Offer help only when needed, encouraging your loved one to do as much as they can independently.
Adapt the Environment
- Use tools like color-coded labels or pictorial instructions.
- Keep frequently used items within easy reach.
4. Managing Behavioral Changes
Behavioral changes, such as aggression or wandering, are common in dementia and can be distressing for caregivers.
Understanding Triggers
Behavioral shifts often stem from underlying issues like:
- Pain or discomfort.
- Hunger or thirst.
- Environmental stressors, such as loud noises or unfamiliar faces.
Calming Techniques
- Speak in a soothing tone and offer reassurance.
- Redirect attention to a favorite activity or memory.
- Reduce stimuli by turning off the TV or moving to a quieter space.
Seeking Professional Help
If behaviors become unmanageable, consult a healthcare provider for advice or consider medications when appropriate.
5. Incorporating Meaningful Activities
Engaging activities provide mental stimulation, improve mood, and strengthen bonds.
Examples of Activities
- Art and Crafts: Painting, coloring, or knitting.
- Music: Listening to favorite songs or playing simple instruments.
- Gardening: Planting flowers or tending to indoor pots.
- Exercise: Gentle yoga, walking, or chair-based stretches.
Tailoring Activities
Choose activities that align with your loved one’s interests and abilities. Simplify tasks as needed to avoid frustration.
6. Addressing Physical Needs
Dementia often affects physical functioning, making daily tasks more challenging.
Eating and Nutrition
- Offer small, nutrient-dense meals if appetite decreases.
- Use adaptive utensils for easier handling.
- Sit together during meals to encourage social interaction.
Hygiene and Grooming
- Break down tasks like brushing teeth into simple steps.
- Use no-rinse bathing products if showers become difficult.
- Maintain a calm and supportive demeanor during personal care.
Sleep
- Establish a consistent bedtime routine to reduce sleep disturbances.
- Minimize daytime naps to improve nighttime rest.
7. Prioritizing Caregiver Well-Being
Caring for someone with dementia can be emotionally and physically draining. Prioritize your own health to sustain long-term caregiving.
Recognize Signs of Burnout
Symptoms include fatigue, irritability, and feelings of helplessness. Address these early to avoid overwhelming stress.
Take Breaks
- Use respite care services for temporary relief.
- Schedule time for activities you enjoy, whether it’s reading, exercising, or spending time with friends.
Join a Support Group
Connecting with other caregivers provides emotional support and practical advice.
8. Leveraging Resources
Numerous resources are available to help caregivers navigate dementia care:
Local Organizations
- Alzheimer Society of Canada offers educational workshops and support groups.
- Community centres may host dementia-friendly activities.
Online Tools
- Use apps to track medications, appointments, and symptoms.
- Access virtual support groups or telehealth consultations.
Professional Services
- Hire personal support workers for assistance with daily tasks.
- Consider adult day programs to give your loved one opportunities for social engagement.
9. Maintaining a Positive Mindset
While dementia care is challenging, it also offers moments of connection and joy. Focus on what your loved one can still do rather than what they’ve lost. Celebrate small victories and cherish the time you have together.
Conclusion
Living with dementia requires patience, adaptability, and a commitment to fostering dignity and connection. By implementing these day-to-day strategies, caregivers can create a supportive environment that enhances the quality of life for their loved ones—and for themselves. Remember, you are not alone. Reach out to local resources and support networks to help you along the way.
In Part 5 of this series, we will discuss addressing care inequities and how indigenous and racialized communities disproportionately experience dementia.
Home Instead can provide additional support to your family and provide respite for those doing the caregiving. Give us a call today at 416-972-5096 to find out more about our services and how we can help.
Source: The Alzheimer Society of Canada (2024). The Landmark Study: People. The Many Faces of Dementia in Canada. The Alzheimer Society of Canada. https://alzheimer.ca/en/the-many-faces-of-dementia-in-canada-landmark-study-volume-2
